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有机物与淡紫紫孢霉对番茄根结线虫病的协同防治

王振, 李世东, 缪作清, 郭荣君, 孙漫红   

  1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-26 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2015-02-08 发布日期:2015-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 缪作清,副研究员,E-mail:zqmiao@ippcaas.cn

Synergistic Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Organic Material against Tomato Root-knot Nematode

WANG Zhen, LI Shidong, MIAO Zuoqing, GUO Rongjun, SUN Manhong   

  1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2014-03-26 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2015-02-08 Published:2015-02-08

摘要: 通过对盆栽条件下鸡粪、牛粪和玉米秸秆等不同有机添加物与淡紫紫孢霉Purpureocillium lilacinum组合使用后对番茄根结线虫的防效测定,结果表明鸡粪、牛粪和玉米秸秆协同淡紫紫孢霉处理均能显著降低番茄根结指数,防病效果分别为78.3%、59.7%和61.3%,显著高于淡紫紫孢霉单独使用的防效41.9%。并能有效增加植株茎粗、株高和地上部鲜重,其中以鸡粪协同淡紫紫孢霉处理的效果最好。在上述试验基础上,设计了以鸡粪为主要成分的有机组合物(配方5主要成分,鸡粪:牛粪:蟹壳粉=10:4:1),田间数据分析表明,配方5协同淡紫紫孢霉处理可显著降低根结指数,防病效果最高为84.0%,显著高于淡紫紫孢霉和配方5单独使用的防效50.2%和9.1%。通过对移栽后0~50 d的根结线虫病害发展曲线下面积(AUDPC)计算,配方5协同淡紫紫孢霉处理的AUDPC值为957.2,显著低于配方5处理(2144.4)、淡紫紫孢霉处理(1547.7)和空白对照(2822.4)。配方5协同淡紫紫孢霉处理后,在番茄生长中后期可以有效提高植株的茎粗和地上部鲜重,促进植株开花和坐果,显著提高开花和坐果数量,单株产量可增加7.7%;可不同程度地降低土壤中根结线虫2龄幼虫数量,最高可比对照降低38.1%;可显著提高土壤中淡紫紫孢霉含量,比淡紫紫孢霉单独处理提高49.8%。上述结果表明有机添加物与生防菌组合能够更有效地抑制根结线虫的侵染,对开发生防菌的新制剂具有重要意义。

Abstract: The effects of different organic composts such as chicken manure, cow manure and corn stalk, respectively combined with the Purpureocillium lilacinum in suppressing tomato root-knot nematode were determined under pot culture conditions. The results showed that the combined use of the chicken manure, cow manure and corn stalk with P. lilacinum can significantly suppress gall numbers on tomato roots with the control efficacy of 78.3%,59.7% and 61.3%, higher than use of P. lilacinum alone. In addition, they can effectively increase the plants stem diameter, plants height and aboveground fresh weight. Among three manures, chicken manure gave the best performance in suppressing nematode. Based on all above, we further design organic additive 5 (chicken manure:cow manure:crab shell=10:4:1) to combine with P. lilacinum. The field experiment showed that additive 5 combined with P. lilacinum can significantly suppress gall numbers on tomato roots with the maximum control efficacy of 84.0%, higher than that treated by P. lilacinum or additive 5 alone. Further analysis of the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in fifty days after transplantation showed that the AUDPC of combined use of additive 5 and P. lilacinum was 957.2, significantly smaller than the areas of additive 5 (2144.4), P. lilacinum (1547.7) and the blank control (2822.4) alone. Moreover, the combination treatment of additive 5 and P. lilacinum can effectively increase the plants stem diameter and aboveground fresh weight, promote the plants blossoming and bearing fruit, significantly increase the number of flower and fruit. The yield per plant of the combined treatment increased by 7.7%, compared with the non-treatment. The root-knot nematodes in soil were reduced by 38.1% to the maximum, compared with the blank control. The CFU of P. lilacinum in the combined treatment increased by 49.8% significantly than that in treatment by P. lilacinum alone. Thus, this research indicated that the combined use of organic compost with the bio-control microbes gave better performance in suppressing root-knot disease. The results will benefit to develop effective bio-control agents.

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